Components  of tobacco are compounds added in the process of tobacco growing, harvesting and production plus cigarette manufacturing.These may be to help the tobacco grow, preservatives, or to enrich “flavor.”

 

These are the numbers of compounds detected in independent tests:

Year	Number
1959	~600
1968	~1000
1996	~4800

It is unclear how many components were originally in cigarettes in 1959 due to the technology of detection at that time. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified 69 of these as animal carcinogens and 11 proven as human carcinogens (Material that causes cancer in humans, or, because it causes cancer in animals, is considered capable of causing cancer in humans).  Use of smokeless (spit) tobacco also presents serious health risks and is not a safe alternative to smoking cigarettes. There are over 3,000 chemicals in spit tobacco, including 28 known carcinogens. 

 

Major cigarette smoke components include:

Carbon Monoxide is a colorless gas with no smell. It is formed when we burn carbon-based fuels, such as gas in cookers or petrol in car engines. Tobacco Smoke is the major source of personal inhalation of carbon monoxide.  It can make up as much as 3-5% of tobacco smoke.  Carbon monoxide sticks to our red blood cells in place of oxygen.This lowers our blood’s ability to transport oxygen and deprives our tissues and organs of this vital gas.  Like hydrogen cyanide, it kills cilia and reduces our lungs’ ability to clear away toxins. This means that while carbon monoxide does not cause cancer directly, it makes it easier for other chemicals to do so.

Ammonia is a gas with a strong, irritating smell, and is used in some toilet cleaners. Some studies have found that ammonia enhances the addictive power of nicotine.It changes nicotine into a gas that is more readily absorbed into the lungs, airways and bloodstream.Like carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide, ammonia also kills cilia.

Benzene - an industrial solvent, refined from crude oil, used to manufacture other chemicals, including petrol. It is well-established that benzene can cause cancer, particularly leukemia. It could account for between a tenth and a half of the deaths from leukemia caused by smoking.  Tobacco smoke contains large amounts of benzene and accounts for a big proportion of our exposure to this poison. The average smoker inhales about ten times more benzene than the average non-smoker.  And some studies have estimated that the amount of benzene that a person inhales through second-hand smoke over their lifetime could increase their risk of cancer.

Nicotine - Free-base nicotine (in tobacco smoke) is absorbed almost instantly by inhalation, ingestion and skin contact.  Nicotine reaches the brain in about 10 seconds after inhalation.  Nicotine concentrates in the brain, the kidney, the stomach mucosa, the adrenal medulla, the nasal mucosa and the salivary glands.  Nicotine causes release of chemicals in the brain called dopamine. It is the regular doses of nicotine the brain expects.  When people quit smoking (and thereby the nicotine in the body approaches zero) it causes withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine is a stimulant which increases the heart rate and blood pressure - this is partly a sign the body is trying to absorb more oxygen.  Studies show that nicotine exposure can result in seizures, vomiting, depressions of the central nervous system, growth retardation, developmental toxicity in fetuses, and preterm birth with reduced body weight and brain development in animals.  Nicotine is excreted in breast milk.  Mild nicotine poisoning in humans results in the following symptoms: vomiting, diarrhea, increase in respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, headache, dizziness, and neurological stimulation.

Nicotine is considered responsible for many of the acute psychological and physiological effects of smoking, chewing or inhaling tobacco.  The main uses of nicotine in industry (besides tobacco) include insecticides (now mostly banned) and as tranquilizing darts for wildlife.

Toluene can damage brain cells and interfere with their development.  Toluene is highly toxic.  Toluene is a possible Reproductive Toxin.  Inhaled toluene appears in blood circulation within 10 seconds and accumulates in body fat.  Toluene is a depressant to the central nervous system in animals and in humans.  Long term low level exposure results in headaches, lassitude, loss of appetite, disturbances in menstruation, reductions in intelligence and psychomotor skills.  Higher exposure results in encephalopathy, headache, depression, lassitude, impaired coordination, transient memory loss, impaired reaction time, dizziness, nasal discharge, drowsiness, and metallic taste.  The main uses of toluene in industry include rubbers, oils, resins, adhesives, inks, detergents, dyes, and explosives.

Styrene is a colorless liquid that evaporates easily and has a sweet smell. It often contains other chemicals that give it a sharp, unpleasant smell.  Styrene is widely used to make plastics and rubber.  Products containing styrene include insulation, fiberglass, plastic pipes, automobile parts, shoes, drinking cups and other food containers, and carpet backing.  Styrene is a possible human carcinogen. Styrene has been found to produce headaches, ocular and conjunctival irritation and slowed reaction time, fatigue, dizziness and nausea, reduced attention and manual dexterity, and reductions in color discrimination, in humans.  Reproductive effects of styrene include a possible increased incidence of spontaneous abortion and increased number of abnormal sperm.  When styrene and butadiene (also in tobacco smoke) are combined, they produce 4-phylglycolhexene, a suspected sensitizer.

Hydrogen cyanide.  Of all the chemicals in tobacco smoke, it does the most damage to the heart and blood vessels.  Hydrogen cyanide does not cause cancer, but it increases the risk of other chemicals causing cancer by damaging cilia. These are tiny hairs lining the airways that help to clear toxins away. By killing cilia, hydrogen cyanide causes other dangerous chemicals to be stuck in the lungs and airways.  The main uses of hydrogen cyanide in industry include fumigation, as an insecticide, electroplating, metallurgy and photography.

Hydrogen Sulfide is an extremely rapidly acting, highly toxic, colorless.  It is used in several industries and is a by-product of many industrial processes such as oil refining, mining, and rayon manufacturing.  At low levels, hydrogen sulfide causes irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. Moderate levels can cause headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting, as well as coughing and difficulty in breathing.

Formaldehyde - used in mortuaries and paint manufacturing is a smelly chemical used to kill bacteria, preserve dead bodies and manufacture other chemicals. It is one of the substances in tobacco smoke most likely to cause diseases in our lungs and airways.  Formaldehyde is also a known cause of cancer. It is believed that even the small  amounts in second-hand smoke could increase our lifetime risk of cancer.  Tobacco smoke is one of our major sources of formaldehyde exposure. Places where people smoke can have three times the normal levels of this poison.

Naphthalene / Aminonaphthalene - 1-aminonaphthalene has been shown to cause lung, liver and leukemia cancers in animals.  1-aminonaphthalene may cause cancer in humans.  1-aminonaphthalene has been shown to have moderate toxicity in fish.  Absorption occurs both by inhalation and through the skin.  Absorption through the skin may occur without a sense of irritation or other warning.  The main industrial uses of 1-aminonaphthalene include dyes, rubber, and weed control.  2-aminonaphthalene causes cancer in humans.  There is no safe exposure limit for 2-aminonaphthalene.  Absorption of 2-aminonaphthalene occurs both by inhalation and through the skin.  Because it causes cancer, the industrial use of 2-aminonaphthalene is restricted or banned.

Quinones - Exposure to hydroquinone leads to eye injury, skin irritation and central nervous system effects in humans.  The main uses of hydroquinone in industry include rubber production, photography, paints, varnishes and in motor fuel.

Quinoline causes genetic mutations (mutagen) and therefore may increase your risk of cancer.  Repeated exposure damages the retina of the eye, affecting vision.  Repeated exposure to quinoline may damage the liver.  Quinoline exposure may lead to allergy, with rash and itching (sensitizer).  Quinoline is irritating to the eyes, nose, throat and bronchial tubes, and may cause sore throat, nose bleeds, cough and phlegm.  Absorption occurs both by inhalation and through the skin.  Quinoline bioaccumulates in the tissues of fish.  The main industrial uses of quinoline include dyes, catalysts, insecticides, herbicides, corrosion inhibitors and to preserve anatomical specimens.

Phenol - Studies have shown phenol to be toxic to the respiratory, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal and neurological systems of animals.  Higher doses of phenol may damage the lungs and central nervous system and induce convulsions in humans.  Phenol is irritating to the skin, mucous membranes and eyes in humans.  Phenol may be absorbed by inhalation or through the skin.  The main industrial uses of phenol include chemicals and drugs, disinfectants, germicidal paints and slimicides.

 

Tar - a collection of solid particles that smokers inhale when they light a cigarette. It is a mixture of lots of chemicals, many of which can cause cancer. Tar is the tobacco industry term for all non-gaseous, non-nicotine, non-water chemicals in tobacco smoke.  When it settles, tar forms a sticky, brown residue that can stain smokers’ teeth, fingers and lungs.  Because tar is listed on packs, it is easy to believe that it is the only harmful part of cigarettes. But some of the most dangerous chemicals in tobacco smoke are present as gases, and do not count as part of tar. This means that cigarettes with less tar still contain all the other toxic chemicals.  Smoking 20 or more cigarettes a day deposits 1 to 1.5 pounds into the lungs every year.

Arsenic – Used in wood preservatives, it is one of the most dangerous chemicals in cigarettes. It can cause cancer as well as damaging the heart and its blood vessels.  Small amounts of arsenic can accumulate in smokers’ bodies and build up to higher concentrations over months and years. As well as any direct effects, it can worsen the effect of other chemicals by interfering with our ability to repair our DNA.  Fish and seafood can be major sources of arsenic, but in a form that is less toxic and more readily removed from the body. In contrast, tobacco smoke contains arsenic in a more dangerous form.

Cadmium – The majority of cadmium in our bodies comes from exposure to tobacco smoke. Smokers can have twice as much cadmium in their blood as non-smokers.  Studies have found that the amounts of cadmium present in tobacco smoke are capable of affecting our health. It is a known cause of cancer, and can also damage the kidneys and the linings of the arteries.  Chronic cadmium exposure is linked to gastrointestinal symptoms, anemia, rhinitis, discoloration of teeth, microfractures, pulmonary emphysema and kidney disease.  Our bodies have proteins that mop up harmful chemicals like cadmium, but the amounts in smoke can overload these proteins. Cadmium can also prevent our cells from repairing damaged DNA. Because of this, it can make the effects of other chemicals even worse.  The main industrial uses of cadmium include metal coatings, bearings, reactor control rods, storage batteries, television phosphors, semiconductors, pigments, and dry film lubricants.

Polonium-210 – a highly radioactive element.  Polonium is a rare, radioactive element and polonium-210 is its most common form. Polonium strongly emits a very damaging type of radiation called alpha-radiation that can usually be blocked by thin layers of skin.  But tobacco smoke contains traces of polonium, which become deposited inside their airways and deliver radiation directly to surrounding cells.  The lungs of smokers can be exposed to four times more polonium than those of non-smokers and specific parts may get a hundred times more radiation. One study estimated that someone smoking one and half packs a day receives the equivalent amount of radiation as someone having 300 chest X-rays a year.

Chromium - is a metal used to make metallic alloys, dyes and paints and comes in different types. Chromium III or ‘trivalent chromium’ is most commonly used. It is available as dietary supplements and is harmless.  On the other hand, chromium VI or ‘hexavalent chromium’ is very toxic, is found in tobacco smoke, and is known to cause lung cancer. It allows other cancer-causing chemicals (such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) to stick more strongly to DNA and damage it.

1,3-Butadiene or BDE is an industrial chemical used in rubber manufacture. Some scientists believe that of all the chemicals in tobacco smoke, BDE may present the greatest overall cancer risk. It may not be as good at causing cancer as some of the other chemicals listed here, but it is found in large amounts in tobacco smoke.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or PAHs are a group of powerful cancer-causing chemicals that can damage DNA and set cells down the road to becoming tumors.  One of these chemicals – benzo(a)pyrene or BAP – is one of the most widely studied of all tobacco poisons. BAP directly damages p53, a gene that normally protects our bodies against cancer.

Nitrosamines are a group of chemicals that can directly damage DNA, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).  They are found in small amounts in food. But tobacco products, including those that are chewed rather than smoked, are by far our largest source of exposure to these chemicals. Even though they are found in relatively small amounts in cigarettes, they are very strong cancer-causing chemicals.

Acrolein – formerly used as a chemical weapon it is a gas with an intensely irritating smell and is one of the most abundant chemicals in cigarette smoke. It belongs to the same group of chemicals as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, both of which can cause cancer.  Until now, it wasn’t clear if acrolein causes cancer as well, but recent experiments suggest that it can. Acrolein produces glycidaldehyde which does cause cancer. We now know that acrolein can cause DNA damage that is similar to the damage seen in lung cancer patients. Since smoke contains up to 1,000 times more acrolein than other DNA-damaging chemicals, it could be a major cause of lung cancer.  Acrolein also stops our cells from repairing DNA damage, like arsenic and cadmium. And like hydrogen cyanide, it kills the hairs that normally clean our lungs of other toxins.  The main industrial uses of acrolein include polyurethane manufacture, polyester resins, herbicides and tear gas.

Nitrogen oxide - is a gas found in car exhaust and tobacco smoke.  Our bodies use it in very small amounts to carry signals between cells. But in large amounts, it is a major air pollutant. It directly damages lung tissue and causes inflammation in the lungs.  Normally, our bodies produce small amounts of nitrogen oxide, which causes our airways to expand. The large amount of nitrogen oxide in tobacco smoke changes things in two ways:  1) When smokers are smoking, it expands their airways even further, making it easier for their lungs to absorb nicotine and other chemicals.  2) When they are not smoking, it shuts off their internal nitrogen oxide production line, causing their airways to constrict. This is one reason why regular smokers often have difficulty breathing.

Nitric oxide reacts with haemoglobin to hinder oxygen uptake in the blood.  Nitric oxide reacts with haemoglobin 1400 times more effectively than carbon monoxide reacts with hemoglobin.  The toxicity of nitric oxide when combined with carbon monoxide (also in tobacco smoke) is additive.

Aminobiphenyl - 3-aminobiphenyl is a mutagen, and causes mutation in microorganisms.  4-aminobiphenyl is confirmed to cause cancer in humans.  The carcinogenic nature of 4-aminobiphenyl has been known since at least 1974.  This chemical has been called 'one of the most potent known bladder carcinogens'.  There is no known safe level of 4-aminobiphenyl.  Absorption occurs through the skin.  4-aminobiphenyl is no longer produced on a commercial scale for use in industry.

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is suspected to cause cancer in humans. There is a significant correlation between B[a]P exposure and lung cancer mortality.  B[a]P was found to cause cancer in animals and fish in every study to date.  Animal studies showed that as low a dose as 0.05 mg B[a]P caused tumors.  B[a]P deposits in the lung. Elimination of B[a]P from the lung is severely restricted by cigarette smoking.  Cancer is more likely to occur with repeated B[a]P exposures than with a single dose of the same amount.  B[a]P exposure may also cause skin cancer, dermatitis, photoallergy, non-neoplastic respiratory disease and emphysema.  Exposure to B[a]P results in decreased reproductive capacity for both males and females.  Absorption of B[a]P also occurs through the skin.

METALS - While you may be exposed to some of these metals through domestic items or food, inhaling them in tobacco smoke is worse, because they are easily absorbed by the lungs. 

• Nickel - Inhalable, insoluble nickel is confirmed to cause cancer in humans.  Up to 5% of the general population are sensitized (allergic) to nickel.  Nickel inhalation increases the risk of cancer or of gastrointestinal symptoms.  Exposure to inhalable nickel may result in chronic irritation of the upper respiratory tract or bronchial asthma.  Nickel inhalation exposure increases susceptibility to respiratory infection, allergic contact dermatitis, and pulmonary edema.  The main uses of nickel in industry include production of stainless steel, alloys, electroplating, coinage, and alkaline batteries.  
• Lead is known to cause cancer in animals.  Lead may cause cancer in humans.  Lead is toxic, and soluble in body fluids when inhaled.  Lead interacts with enzymes, especially those associated with heme synthesis (blood).  Absorption of low levels of lead causes an increase in blood pressure in humans.  Lead causes anemia at blood levels above 80 ug/dl.  Lead poisoning effects on the brain may not be reversible.  Long term exposure to lead may lead to kidney disease.  Lead is a possible Reproductive Toxin.  Lead may affect sperm formation (at greater than 11.9 ug/dl blood lead).  Lead exposure affects the development of fetuses. Children who were exposed to blood lead levels of greater than 10 ug/dl in the womb have been found to have developmental effects such as depressed intellectual development.  Air to blood lead levels: 0.03 to 0.19 ug/dl blood per mg/m3 of lead in air.  The main uses of lead in industry include alloys (solder, bronze, brass), paint pigments, storage batteries, glass, plastics, ceramics.
• Cobalt  - The main uses of lead in industry include: alloyed with iron, nickel and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusual magnetic strength with many important uses (jet engines and gas turbine engines), used in magnet steels and stainless steels, used in alloys used in jet turbines and gas turbine generators, used in electroplating because of its appearance, hardness, and resistance to oxidation, salts are used for the production of brilliant and permanent blue colours in porcelain, glass, pottery, tiles, and enamels, cobalt-60, an artifical isotope, is an important γ ray source, and is extensively used as a tracer and a radiotherapeutic agent. Single compact sources of ⁶⁰Co are readily available, compounds are used as paint pigments.
• Beryllium – The main uses of lead in industry include:  X-ray windows (beryllium transmits X-rays 17 times better than aluminum, as a 2% alloy with nickel for springs, electrodes and nonsparking tools, beryllium (2%) alloyed with copper gives a hard strong alloy with high resistance to wear used in gyroscopes, computer parts, and instruments (desirable lightness, stiffness), alloys are used as a structural material for high performance aircraft, missiles, spacecraft (such as the USA space shuttle), and communication satellites, ceramics, as a moderator in nuclear reactions since it is a highly effective moderator and reflector for neutrons, the oxide is used in the nuclear industry.

Acetaldehyde, which is also formed in your tissues when you drink alcohol – it is responsible for many nasty hangover symptoms.  Studies have shown that acetaldehyde causes cancer in animals, and may cause cancer in humans.  Small amounts of acetaldehyde irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract of humans and animals.  Animal studies in which pregnant rats were exposed to acetaldehyde found that acetaldehyde interfered with the exchange of nutrients from the mother to the placenta, resulting in growth retardation, malformation, delayed bone growth and death of the fetus.  Acetaldehyde may increase the absorption of the other hazardous chemicals in tobacco smoke into the bronchial tubes.  The main industrial uses of acetaldehyde include silvering of mirrors, leather tanning, fuel, glue, dyes, plastics and synthetic rubbers.  Acetaldehyde decomposition products include carbon monoxide.

Crotonaldehyde is known to cause cancer in animals.  Crotonaldehyde causes cancer by interfering with DNA function (a genotoxic carcinogen).  Crotonaldehyde is a fast-acting (within seconds) irritant to the nose and upper respiratory tract.  The main use of crotonaldehyde in industry is as a warning agent in fuel gases.

Acetone is an irritant to eyes, nose and throat.  Acetone irritates, dries, and may burn skin.  Absorption occurs both via inhalation and through the skin.  Higher doses can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, damage to the liver and kidneys.  One of the main uses of acetone in industry is as a solvent to remove nail varnish (nail polish).

Methyl ethyl ketone causes nose, throat, and eye irritation in humans at moderate levels.  The odor of methyl ethyl ketone is detectable at 10 ppm.  The main uses of methyl ethyl ketone in industry include solvents, resins, artificial leather, rubbers, lacquers, varnishes and glues.

Pyridine vapor causes eye and upper respiratory tract irritation in humans.  Pyridine is a central nervous system depressant that boosts the effect of smoking.  Exposure to pyridine results in an increased production of blood platelets.  Longer duration exposure to pyridine causes nausea, headache, insomnia, nervousness, and abdominal discomfort in humans.  The disagreeable odor of pyridine is detectable at less than 1 ppm.  The main industrial uses of pyridine include solvents, pesticides and resins.

Resorcinol was found to be irritating to skin and eyes in humans.  The main industrial uses of resorcinol include tanning, photography, resins, dyes, laminates and adhesives.

Catechol, when inhaled with benzo[a]pyrene (also found in tobacco smoke), is co-carcinogenic.  Catechol causes increased blood pressure, upper respiratory tract irritation and eczematous dermatitis in humans.  At higher doses, catchol causes kidney damage and convulsions.  The main uses of catchol in industry include photography, rubber, dye, oil, insecticides, and inks.

Cresol was found to promote tumors in mice.  Cresol is strongly irritating to skin, and causes dermatitis in humans.  Long term exposure to cresol leads to headaches, nausea, vomiting, elevated blood pressure, impaired kidney function, blood-calcium imbalance and marked tremors, in humans.  Cresol is absorbed through the skin.  The main uses of cresol in industry include ore flotation, disinfectants, synthetic resins, dyes, fumigants, and explosives.

Isoprene causes skin, eye and mucous membrane irritation.

Hydrazine, a very toxic chemical used mainly in rocket fuel

N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is a carcinogenic Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine (TSNA) found only in tobacco products.  NNN is formed from nicotine directly and is the most abundant cancer-causing TSNA.  NNN is a yellow, oily liquid that is known to cause nose, throat, lung and digestive tract cancer in animals.  NNN may cause reproductive damage in humans.-There is no safe level of exposure to NNN.

(4-methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a carcinogenic Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine (TSNA) found only in tobacco products.  NNK is a powerful lung carcinogen.  NNK induces adenoma and AC tumors of the lung.  There is no safe level of exposure to NNK.

N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) is a possibly carcinogenic Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine (TSNA) found only in tobacco products.

Other chemicals released when a cigarette is smoked:  Acacia gum, Acetal, Acetanisole, Acetic acid and/or its potassium and sodium salts, Acetoin, Acetone, Acetophenone, 6 Acetoxydihydrotheaspirane, Acetyl methyl cellulose, 2 Acetyl pyrazine, 2 Acetyl pyridine, 3 Acetyl pyridine, Alga resinoid, Allspice extract, oleoresin and oil, Allspice leaf oil, Allura Red, Allyl hexanoate, Almond oil, Aluminium acetate, Aluminium carbonate, Aluminium citrate, Aluminium lactate, Aluminium oxide, Aluminium phosphate, Aluminium tartrate, Aluminium trihydroxide, Aluminosilicates, Amber oil, Ambergris extract, Ambrette seed oil and absolute, Ambrox, Ammonium acetate, Ammonium carbonate, Ammonium chloride, Ammonium citrate, Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, Ammonium hydroxide, Ammonium lactate, Ammonium sulphate, Ammonium tartrate, +Amyl acetate, Amyl alcohol, +Amyl benzoate, +Amyl butyrate, alpha Amyl cinnamaldehyde, +Amyl formate, +Amyl hexanoate, +Amyl isovalerate, +Amyl octanoate, +Amyl phenylacetate, +Amyl salicylate, +Amyl valerate, trans Anethole, Angelica root extract and oil, Anise and oil, Anisole, para Anisyl acetate, para Anisyl alcohol, Arachis oil, Ascorbic acid, Azorubin, Balsam oil, Bay leaf, oil and sweet oil, Beech tar extract, Bentonite, Benzaldehyde, Benzoic acid and/or its potassium and sodium salts, Benzoin, Benzoin resinoid, Benzyl acetate, Benzyl alcohol, Benzyl benzoate, Benzyl butyrate, Benzyl cinnamate, Benzyl formate, Benzyl isobutyrate, Benzyl phenylacetate, Benzyl propionate, Bergamot oil, Boric acid and/or its potassium or sodium salts, Bornyl acetate, , *Brilliant Black BN, Brilliant Blue FCF, Butyl acetate, Butyl butyrate, 1,3, Butylene glycol, Butyl phenyl acetate, para tert Butyl pyridine, Butyric acid, Cadinene single or mixed isomers, Cajeput oil, Calcium acetate, Calcium carbonate, Calcium chloride, Calcium citrate, Calcium hydroxide, Calcium lactate, Calcium phosphate1 (mono, di or tri ), Calcium tartrate, Camphene, d Camphor, Camphor oil2 (safrole free), Caramel1 obtained wholly by heating a sugar solution with or without a small amount of acid, alkali or alkali carbonate, Caraway oil, Carbon dioxide, Carboxy methyl cellulose and its sodium salt, Cardamon oleoresin, extract, oil, seed oil and powder, Carob bean extract, Carrot seed oil, Carvacrol, 4 Carvomenthenol, Carvone, beta Caryophyllene, Caryophyllene alcohol, Caryophyllene oxide, Cascarilla oil, bark oil and extract, Cassia buds, bark oil and extract, Cassia extract, Castor oil, Castoreum extract and absolute, Cedar leaf oil, Cedarwood oil, Cedrol, Citric acid and its tripotassium and tri sodium saltsCedryl acetate, Celery seed extract, solid, oil and oleoresin, Cellulose acetate1 (45 70% hydroxyl groups acetylated), Cellulose acetate propionate, Cellulose alpha alkanoylalkanoates, Cellulose fibre, Chamomile flower oil and absolute, Chlorophyll, Cinnamaldehyde, Cinnamic acid, Cinnamon leaf, oil, bark oil and extract, Cinnamyl acetate, Cinnamyl alcohol, Cinnamyl butyrate, Cinnamyl cinnamate, Cinnamyl isobutyrate, Cinnamyl isovalerate, Citral, , Citronella oil, Citronellal, dl Citronellol, Citronellyl acetate, Citronellyl butyrate, Citronellyl formate, Citronellyl isobutyrate, Citronellyl phenylacetate, Citronellyl propionate, Civet absolute, Clary sage oil and absolute, Clove stem oil, leaf oil, bud oil and extract, Cocoa, cocoa shells and extract, cocoa distillate and butter, Coffee extract, concentrate and powder, Cognac oil, white and green, Coriander extract and oil, Cubeb oil, Cumin, cumin seed oil and absolute, Cuminaldehyde, Cyclamen aldehyde, para Cymene, Cypress oil, beta Damascenone, beta Damascone, Davana oil, delta Decalactone, gamma Decalactone, Decanal, Decanoic acid, Dextrin, Diacetyl, Diammonium hydrogen phosphate, Diatomaceous earth, Dibenzyl ether, alpha 2,3 Diethylpyrazine, 2,3 Diethyl 5-methyl pyrazine, Diethyl sebacate, Dihydroactinidiolide, Dihydrocarvyl acetate, 3,4 Dihydrocoumarin, Dill seed oil and extract, para Dimethoxybenzene, alpha alpha Dimethylphenethyl acetate, alpha alpha Dimethylphenethyl butyrate, 2,6 Dimethoxyphenol, 3,4 Dimethyl 1,2 cyclopentadione, para alpha Dimethyl benzyl alcohol, 2,5 Dimethyldihydrofuranolone, 3,4 Dimethyl phenol, 1,1 Dimethyl 2-phenylethyl isobutyrate, 2,5 Dimethyl pyrazine, 2,6 Dimethyl pyrazine, 3,5 Dimethyl pyridine, para alpha Dimethyl styrene, Diphenyl ether, Dipotassium succinate, delta Dodecalactone, gamma Dodecalactone, beta Elemene, beta Elemol, , *Erythrosine, Estragole, Ethanol, Ethyl acetate, Ethyl acrylate, Ethyl benzoate, Ethyl butyrate, Ethyl cellulose, Ethyl cinnamate, Ethyl decanoate, 2 Ethyl 3,5 dimethyl pyrazine, 3 Ethyl 2,5 dimethyl pyrazine, Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, Ethyl formate, 4 Ethyl guaiacol, Ethyl heptanoate, Ethyl hexanoate, Ethyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose, 3 Ethyl 2 hydroxy 2 cyclopentene 1 one, Ethyl isovalerate, Ethyl lactate, Ethyl laurate, Ethyl maltol, Ethyl 2 methyl butyrate, 3 Ethyl 2 methylpyrazine, Ethyl myristate, Ethyl nonanoate, Ethyl octanoate, Ethyl palmitate, para Ethyl phenol, Ethyl phenyl acetate, Ethyl propionate, 3 Ethyl pyridine, Ethyl salicylate, Ethyl 10 undecenoate, Ethyl valerate, Ethyl vanillin, Eucalyptol, Eucalyptus oil and absolute, Eugenol, Eugenyl methyl ether, Farnesol, Fennel and sweet oil, Fenugreek extract, resin and absolute, Formic acid, d Fructose, Fruits, fresh, dried extracts and esters thereof apple, apricot, banana, blackberry, blackcurrant, cherry, date, fig, grape, peach, pear, pineapple, plum, prune, raisin, raspberry, strawberry., 2 Furan methane thiolformate, Furfural alcohol, Furfuryl methyl sulphide, Gentian root extract, Geraniol, Geranium rose oil, Geranyl acetate, Geranyl acetone, Geranyl butyrate, Geranyl formate, Geranyl isobutyrate, Geranyl phenyl acetate, Geranyl propionate, Ginger oil, d Glucose, Glycerol, Glycerol 1,2 diacetate, Glyceryl triacetate, Glyoxal1 (Tobacco sheet or paper no free residue), Guaiac gum extract, Guaiac wood oil, Guaiacol, Guaiol acetate, Guar gum, Gum tragacanth, 2,4 Heptadienal, gamma Heptalactone, Heptanoic acid, 2 Heptanone, 4 Heptenal, omega 6 Hexadecenlactone, gamma Hexalactone, 3,4 Hexanedione, Hexanoic acid, cis 3 Hexen 1 ol, Hexen 2 al, Hex 2 enyl acetate, 3 Hexenyl acetate, Hexyl acetate, Hexyl alcohol, Hexyl phenyl acetate, Honey, Humic acid, Hydrochloric acid1 (for tobacco sheet or paper no free residues), 4 Hydroxy benzoic acid and/or its ethyl, propyl esters and their sodium salts, 4 Hydroxybutanoic acid lactone, Hydroxycitronellal, Hydroxycitronellol, 2 Hydroxyisophorone, 4(p Hydroxyphenol) 2 butanone, Hydroxypropyl cellulose, Immortelle oil and absolute, , *Indigotine, Indole, alpha Ionone, beta Ionone, Iron oxides, alpha Irone, Isoamyl alcohol, Isobornyl acetate, Isobutyl acetate, Isobutyl alcohol, Isobutyl butyrate, Isobutyl cinnamate, Isobutyl phenethyl alcohol, Isobutylphenyl acetate, Isobutyraldehyde, Isoeugenol, Isoeugenyl methyl ether, Isopentane, Isophorone, 4 Keto dihydroisophorone, 4 Keto isophorone, Isopropyl alcohol, Isopropyl myristate, Isopulegol, Isovaleric acid, Jasmine absolute concrete and oil, Juniper berry oil, Labdanum absolute, oleoresin and oil, Lactic acid and/or its potassium and sodium salts, Lauric acid, Lavender absolute or oil, Lecithin, Lemon oil and extract, Lemongrass oil, Licorice root, fluid, extract and powder, Lime oil2 (terpeneless), d Limonene, Linaloe wood oil, Linalool, Linalool oxide, Linalyl acetate, Linalyl butyrate, Linalyl formate, Linalyl isobutyrate, Liquid Paraffin BP, Locust bean gum, Longosa absolute and oil, Lovage oil and extract, Mace powder, extract and oil, Magnesium acetate, Magnesium carbonate, Magnesium chloride, Magnesium citrate, Magnesium hydroxide, Magnesium lactate, Magnesium oxide, Magnesium phosphate, Magnesium tartrate, Malt and malt extract, Maltol, Maple syrup, extract and concentrate, para Mentha 1,8 dien 7 ol, Menthol, Menthyl acetate, Menthyl isovalerate, Mercaptomenthanone, para Methoxy benzaldehyde, ortho Methoxy cinnamaldehyde, para Methoxy cinnamaldehyde, 2 (or 5- or 6 ) Methoxy 3 methyl pyrazine, Methyl 2 octynoate, Methyl 2 pyrrolyl ketone, 2 Methyl 4 phenyl butyraldehyde, Mimosa absolute, Mint oil, garden 2 Methoxy 4 methylphenol, 2 Methoxy 4 vinylphenol, 1 (para Methoxyphenyl) 2 propanone, Methyl acetate, 4 Methyl acetophenone, Methyl anisate, para Methyl anisole, Methyl benzoate, alpha Methyl benzyl acetate, alpha Methyl benzyl alcohol, 2 Methyl butyraldehyde, 3 Methyl butyraldehyde, 2 Methyl butyric acid, Methyl cellulose, Methyl cinnamate, Methyl cyclopentenolone, Methyl ethyl ketone, 5 Methyl furfural, 6 Methyl 3,5 heptadienone, 6 Methyl hept 5 en 2 one, 2 Methyl heptanoic acid, 2 Methyl hexanoic acid, Methyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose, Methyl hydroxy propyl cellulose, Methyl isovalerate, Methyl linoleate, Methyl linolenate, Methyl mercaptan, 2 Methyl 5 (methylthio)furan, Methyl beta naphthylketone, 3 Methyl pentanoic acid, Methyl phenyl acetate, 2 Methyl pyrazine, 5 Methyl quinoxaline, Methyl salicylate, Methyl sulphide, 2 Methyl undecanal, 3 Methyl-1 cyclopentadecanone, 3 Methyl 2(2 pentenyl) 2- cyclopenten 1 one, mint oil, wild mint oil2 (partly dementholised), Molasses extract and tincture, Mullein flowers, Musk ketone, Musk pod extract, acetate, Myrcene, Myrrh oil, absolute and resinoid, beta Naphthyl ethyl ether, beta Naphthyl methyl ether, Nerol, Neroli oil, Nerolidol, 2,6 Nonadien 1-ol, gamma Nonalactone, Nonanal, Nonanoic acid, 2 Nonenal, Nutmeg and oil, Oak bark extract, Oak moss absolute, delta Octalactone, gamma Octalactone, Octanoic acid, 1 Octanol, 2 Octanone, 1 Octen 3 o1, 2 Octenal, Olibanum oil, resinoid and absolute, Olive oil, Opopanax oil and gum, Orange leaf absolute and blossoms water, Orange oil and extract2 (whether or not terpeneless), Orange peel oil and extract, bitter and sweet2 (whether or not terpeneless), Orris root, concrete, oil and extract, Palmarosa oil, Palmitic acid, Parsley seed oil, Patchouli oil and absolute, , *Patent Blue V, Peach kernel oil, Pectin, n-Pentane, Pent-3 en 4 olide, omega Pentadecalactone, 2,3 Pentanedione, Pepper oil, black and white, Peppermint oil, Petitgrain oil and absolute, Phenethyl alcohol, Phenethyl isobutyrate, Phenethyl isovalerate, Phenethyl phenylacetate, Phenethyl valerate, Phenyl acetaldehyde, Phenyl acetic acid, 4 Phenyl 3 buten 2 one, 3 Phenyl propionaldehyde, 3 Phenyl propionic acid, 3 Phenyl 1 propanol, ortho Phosphoric acid, Pine needle oil, dwarf, Pigment Red 18, Pigment Yellow 1, alpha Pinene, Piperonal, Pipsissewa leaf extract, Polyvinyl acetate homo-polymer, Polyvinyl acetate/vinyl alcohol copolymer, Polyvinyl alcohol, , *Ponceau 4R, Potassium carbonate, Potassium or sodium chloride, Potassium hydroxide paper1 (no free residue), Potassium hydroxide sheet1 (no free residue), Potassium phosphate, Propane, Propenyl guaethol, Propionic acid and/or its sodium salts, n Propyl acetate, n Propyl alcohol, Propyl butyrate, Propyl phenyl acetate, Propylene glycol, Pyroligneous acid extract, Pyruvic acid, Quebracho bark extract, Reaction products1Known and specified mixture of amino acids and reducing sugars heated under pressure, Rhodinol, Rhodinyl acetate, Rose water, Rose oil and absolute, Rosemary oil and absolute, Rum ether, Saccharin and/or its sodium salt, Saffron, Sage, sage oil and oleoresin, Salicylaldehyde, Sandalwood oil, yellow, Shellac, Silicic acid, Sodium alginate, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium bisulphate, Sodium carbonate, Sodium hydroxide paper1 (no free residue), Sodium hydroxide sheet1 (no free residue), Sodium phosphate, Sorbic acid and/or its potassium or sodium salts, Sorbitol, Spearmint oil, Spike lavender oil, Spiranol, Spirits, distilled, Star anise oil, Starch, Starch, modified including cationic, Styrax gum and extract, and oil, Sucrose and sucrose syrup, , *Sunset Yellow FCF, Tamarind extract, Tannic acid, Tarragon oil, Tartaric acid and its potassium and sodium salts, , *Tartrazine Yellow, Tea, absolute and resinoid, Terpineol2 (alpha , beta and gamma), Terpinyl acetate, 4,5,6,7 Tetrahydro 3,6 dimethyl benzofuran, Tetrahydro 4 methyl 2- (2 methylpropen 1 yl) pyran, 2,3,5,6 Tetramethyl pyrazine, Thiabendazole, Thyme oil, white and red, Thymol, Titanium dioxide, , **Tobacco extracts, Tolu balsam gum and extract, Tolualdehyde